Biology
Explore biology through evidence-based explainers on cells, organisms, ecosystems and the processes that sustain life. Science University connects foundational concepts with real biological systems, from cell structure and mitosis to coral-reef ecology. Articles are written for general readers who want accurate scientific context without unnecessary jargon, with references to established scientific agencies, reviews and research literature where appropriate. Use this subject hub to move from core biological mechanisms to broader questions about biodiversity, adaptation and the living world.
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Mitosis and the Cell Cycle: Stages, Checkpoints and Control
Mitosis separates duplicated chromosomes, but it is only one part of the cell cycle. Learn how G1, S, G2 and M phase are controlled by cyclins, CDKs and checkpoints.
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The Structure of a Cell: Organelles and Their Functions
Cells organize chemistry into membranes, compartments and molecular machines. Learn what the plasma membrane, nucleus, ribosomes, ER, Golgi, mitochondria and cytoskeleton do.
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Coral Reefs: Biology, Bleaching and Major Threats
Coral reefs are built by living organisms and support exceptional biodiversity. Learn how bleaching, marine heatwaves, ocean acidification and local pressures affect reef survival and recovery.